Telecommunication: telecommunication and Networking

week 1: What is Communication?

Communication has been derived from the Latin word "communis", meaning to share. Communication is the imparting, conveying or exchange of thoughts, messages, ideas, knowledge or information by sign and sounds like speech, signals, writing or behavior. Communication requires a sender, a message and an intended recipient, although the receiver need not be present or aware of the sender's intent to communicate at the time of communication; thus communication can occur across vast distances in time and space. Communication requires that the communicating parties share an area of communicative commonality. The communication process is complete once the receiver has understood the message of the sender. Feedback is critical to effective communication between parties.

Communication model

The shannon weaver mathematical model 1949

What is telecommunications

(tele = far off)

Telecommunication is the transmission of information over significant distances to communicate. In earlier times, telecommunications involved the use of visual signals, such as beacons, smoke signals, semaphore telegraphs, signal flags, and optical heliographs, or audio messages via coded drumbeats, lung-blown horns, or sent by loud whistles, for example. In the modern age of electricity and electronics, telecommunications now also includes the use of electrical devices such as the telegraph, telephone, and teleprinter, as well as the use of radio and microwave communications, as well as fiber optics and their associated electronics, plus the use of the orbiting satellites and the Internet.

Visual History of Telecommunication

The elements of computer and communication technology

The elements of computer and communications technology

· People

· Procedure

· Data/Information

· Hardware

· Software

· Communications/Connectivity

People

· peopleware- user of the computer

· most important elements in communication

· built, analyse, and develop the system.

· operate the computer

1. People

· Two categories of people involved in computer and telecommunication

1. Professional

Those who have gone true specialised training in theory and technical aspects

e.g. : programmer, computer engineer, etc

2. End user

Those who only knows how to use without special training in the field.

e.g. : clerks, teachers, etc,

2. Procedure

An ordered set of tasks for performing some action

A clear specification for the sequence, timing, execution, etc. of a process.

A procedure is a specification of the series of actions, acts or operations which have to be executed in the same manner in order to obtain always the same result in the same circumstances (for example, emergency procedures).

3. Data

Information stored on the computer system, used by applications to accomplish tasks

A representation of facts, concepts, or instructions in a formalized manner suitable for communication, interpretation, or processing by humans or by automated means.

Data is fundamentally any information of interest, but these days, the word data implies a binary, machine-readable representation of information.

A representation of facts or concepts in an organized manner in order that it may be stored, communicated, interpreted, or processed by automated means

Unit for data

Byte

Kilobyte (KB) – 2^10 bytes/1000 bytes

Megabyte (MB) – 1 milion bytes

Gigabyte (GB) – 1 bilion bytes

Terabyte (TB) – 1 trillion bytes

….

4. Hardware (equipments/devices)

hardware-refers to any physical objects that are part of the computer system
The basic operations of a computer systems are : IPOS
Computers needs hardware to operates

5 categories of ICT equipments/devices:

1. Input

2. Process

3. Output

4. Storage

5. Communication

5. Software/Program

software-refers to instructions that controlls the functioning of the computer

The instructions executed by a computer, as opposed to the physical device on which they run

Software refers to parts of the computer that have no material form; programs, data, protocols, etc are all software. When software is stored in hardware that cannot easily be modified (such as BIOS ROM in an IBM PC compatible), it is sometimes termed firmware to indicate that it falls into an area of uncertainty between hardware and software